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Neoarchean high-pressure metamorphism from the northern margin of the Palghat-Cauvery Suture Zone, southern India Petrology and zircon SHRIMP geochronology [查看] YohsukeSaitoh、ToshiakiTsunogae、M.Santosh、T.R.K.Chetty、KenjiHorie

We report the metamorphic pressure–temperature (P–T) history of mafic granulites from two localities in southern India, one from Kanja Malai in the northern margin and the other from Perundurai in the central domain of the Palghat–Cauvery Suture Zone (PCSZ). The PCSZ is described in recent models as the trace of the suture along which crustal blocks were amalgamated within the Gondwana supercontinent during Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian. The mafic granulite from Kanja Malai yields P–T conditions of 750–800℃ and 8–12 kbar reflecting the partially retrograded conditions following a peak high-pressure(HP) metamorphic event. The common Grt + Cpx + Qtz assemblage in these rocks and lack of decompression texture suggest that peak metamorphism was probably buffered by Grt + Cpx + Opx + Pl + Qtz assemblage, following which the rocks were exhumed through a gradual P–T decrease. The mafic granulite from Perundurai (Grt + Cpx + Pl) contains Opx + Pl symplectite commonly occurring between garnet and clinopyroxene, suggesting the progress of reaction: Grt + Cpx z+ Qtz?Opx + Pl, with the Grt + Cpx + Qtz representing the peak metamorphic assemblage. The reaction microstructures and calculated P–T conditions suggest that the mafic granulites from Perundurai underwent peak HP metamorphism at P > 12 kbar and T = 800–900 C and subsequent isothermal decompression along a clockwise P–T path, in contrast to the P–T path inferred for Kanja Malai. The contrasting P–T paths obtained from the two localities suggest that whereas Perundurai is a part of the metamorphic orogen developed within the PCSZ during Gondwana assembly, the high-pressure granulites of Kanja Malai belong to a different orogenic regime.In order to evaluate this aspect further, we analyzed zircons in a charnockite and garnet-bearing quartzo-feldspathic gneiss associated with the HP granulites from Kanja Malai which yielded mean 207Pb/206Pb magmatic protolith emplacement ages of 2536.1 ± 1.4 Ma and 2532.4 ± 3.7 Ma, and peak metamorphic ages of 2477.6 ± 1.8 Ma and 2483.9 ± 2.5 Ma, respectively. These results closely compare with the available magmatic (2530–2540 Ma) and metamorphic (2470–2480 Ma) ages reported from charnockites in the Salem Block at the southern fringe of the Archean Dharwar craton, immediately north of the PCSZ. The Neoarchean/Paleoproterozoic ages obtained from Kanja Malai correlate with the tectonic history at the margin of the Archean craton. Although no age data are available for the Perundurai mafic granulite, the close correspondence of their P–T data and exhumation path with those reported for Late Neoproterozoic–Cambrian HP–UHT metamorphism within the PCSZ suggest that these rocks form part of the Gondwana-forming orogen.

A Paleozoic subduction complex in Korea SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages and tectonic implications [查看] SungWonKim、SanghoonKwon、M.Santosh、IanS.Williams、KeewookYi

The Wolhyeonri complex in the southwestern margin of the Korean Peninsula is divided into three lithotectonic units: Late Paleozoic Zone I to the west, Middle Paleozoic Zone II in the middle and Early Paleozoic Zone III to the east. Zones II and III display characteristics of continental arc magmatic sequence.Zone II is dominated by mafic metavolcanics, whereas zone III is characterized by the presence of dismembered serpentinite bodies including chaotic mélange. These zones are proposed to have been formed in a convergent margin setting associated with subduction. Here we present zircon SHRIMP U–Pb ages from the various units within the Wolhyeonri complex which reveal the Paleozoic tectonic history of the region.The Late Carboniferous ages obtained from the main shear zone between the Wolhyeonri complex and the Paleoproterozoic Gyeonggi massif are thought to mark the timing of continental arc magmatism associated with the subduction process. In contrast, Zone I with Neoproterozoic arc magmatic remnants might indicate deposition in a forearc basin. The Wolhyeonri complex also preserves strong imprints of the Triassic collisional event, including the presence of Middle Triassic high-pressure metabasites and eclogites near the eastern boundary of the Zone III. These range of radiogenic ages derived from the Wolhyeonri complex correlate well with subduction and accretion history between the North and South China cratons. Similar geochronological features have also been indentified from the Qinling, Tongbai–Xinxian, and northern Dabie areas in east-central China. The existence of Paleozoic coeval subduction in East Asia prior to the Triassic collision is broadly consistent with a regional tectonic linkage to Gondwana

SHRIMP U-Pb age constraints on magmatism and high-grade metamorphism in the Salem Block, southern India [查看] ChrisClark、AlanS.Collins、NicholasE.Timms、PeterD.Kinny、T.R.K.Chetty、M.Santosh

In this paper, we present Sensitive High Resolution Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP) U and Pb isotope analyses of zircon from a charnockite and a charnockite-hosted leucosome in order to determine the age of magmatism and anatexis related to high-grade metamorphism immediately to the north of the Palghat Cauvery Shear System (PCSS), a proposed Neoproterozoic terrane boundary within Southern India. Weakly luminescent, oscillatory-zoned cores in I06–128 and analyses with high Th/U ratios in I06–129 yield weighted mean 207Pb–206Pb ages of 2538±6 Ma and 2529±7 Ma. These two ages are statistically indistinguishable and are interpreted to reflect the crystallisation age of the original magmatic protolith to the charnockite. Low Th, Th/U ratio and brightly luminescent overgrowths and complete zircon grains in I06–128 and I06–129 give weighted mean 207Pb–206Pb ages of 2473±8 Ma and 2482±15 Ma respectively. The two ages are statistically distinct and are interpreted to constrain the timing of post-crystallisation high-grade metamorphism and partial melting of the magmatic rocks that crystallised at ~2530 Ma. The new ages of the charnockites are consistent with the suggestion that this activity is related to accretionary processes on the margin of the Dharwar craton and may be related to a second stage of convergent tectonics and collision on the margin of Kenorland. There is no evidence of a pervasive Neoproterozoic high-grade metamorphic event associated with the amalgamation of Gondwana recorded in these rocks. However, the possibility that deformation was localised along discrete shear zones at this time cannot be discounted. The data from this study add weight to the hypothesis that the PCSS represents a Neoproterozoic suture zone along which the Dharwar Craton and the microcontinent Azania, with its constituent Madurai and Trivandrum Blocks in the Southern Granulite terrane, collided at ca. 530 Ma Ga during the closure of the Mozambique ocean.

Age and sedimentary provenance of the Southern Granulites, South India U-Th-Pb SHRIMP secondary ion mass spectrometry [查看] AlanS.Collins、M.Santosh、I.Braun、C.Clark

Southern India lies at a junction in the Gondwana-forming orogenic belts, between the East African Orogen and the Kuunga Orogen. It contains voluminous high-grade metasedimentary gneisses that make up an important component of the record of collision and amalgamation of Gondwana. Here we present U-Pb Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) isotopic data from detrital zircon cores from throughout southern India that demonstrate dominant Neoarchaean to Palaeoproterozoic age components that are incompatible with the known ages of potential southern and central Indian source regions. The original sediments to the Trivandrum Block gneisses were deposited between∼1900 and∼515 Ma, whereas a sample from the Achancovil Unit, and possible also a sample from the Madurai Block, were deposited in Neoproterozoic times. We speculate that these rocks broadly correlate with southern and western Malagasy metasedimentary rocks (including the Itremo and Molo Groups) and formed an extensive basin (or basins) that lay on the west side (present orientation) of the Neoproterozoic continent Azania. In addition, metamorphic zircon from four samples yielded an age of 513±6Ma that is interpreted as dating high-grade metamorphism throughout much of the Southern Granulite Terrane.

Palaeoproterozoic tectonothermal evolution and deep crustal processes in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt,North China Cratona review [查看] S.Z.LI、G.C.ZHAO、SANTOSH、X.LIU、L.M.DAI

The Palaeoproterozoic Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt is located in the eastern margin of the Eastern Block of the North China Craton. In this paper, we synthesize the tectonothermal evolution and deep crustal processes in the Jiao-Liao-Ji Belt based on recent information. A mantle plumerelated underplating from 2.53 to 2.36 Ga is envisaged which led to the emplacement of the 2.47–2.33 Ga alkali granite plutons and mafic dyke swarms, followed by the development of the Jiao-Liao-Ji Rift and bi-modal volcanism. The underplating resulted not only in different sedimentary environments in the upper crust, but also in a differentiation of the initial thermal structure in the rift. This controlled the metamorphism and style of P-T-t paths in the different parts of the rift. Subsequent underplating resulted in the emplacement of the A-type Liaoji granites of ca. 2.17 Ga in the lower crust, and the formation of associated pegmatites of 2.2 and 2.0 Ga, together with the development of a bedding-parallel extension. However, the main orogeny occurred between 1.93 and 1.88 Ga with closing of the rift, compressional deformation and high-pressure granulite metamorphism in the southern part of the orogen. Subsequently, lithospheric blocks were possibly delaminated at 1.85 Ga; anorogenic magmatic rocks such as rapakivi granite, alkaline granites and syenite were intruded, and pegmatite veins and mafic dyke swarms were emplaced cross-cutting all the earlier structural traces. We identify that the underplating styles, collision processes and delamination types in the deep lithosphere controlled the tectonothermal evolution of the crust in the Jiao-Liao-Ji region.

SHRIMP U-Pb zircon chronology of ultrahigh-temperature spinel–orthopyroxene–garnet granulite from South Altay orogenic belt,northwestern China [查看] ZILONGLI、YINQILI、HANLINCHEN、M.SANTOSH、WENJIAOXIAO、HUIHUIWANG

Abstract Diagnostic mineral assemblages, mineral compositions and zircon SHRIMP U–Pb ages are reported from an ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) spinel–orthopyroxene–garnet granulite (UHT rock) from the South Altay orogenic belt of northwestern China.This Altay orogenic belt defines an accretionary belt between the Siberian and Kazakhstan–Junggar Plates that formed during the Paleozoic. The UHT rock examined in this study preserves both peak and retrograde metamorphic assemblages and microstructures including equilibrium spinel + quartz, and intergrowth of orthopyroxene, spinel, sillimanite, and cordierite formed during decompression. Mineral chemistry shows that the spinel coexisting with quartz has low ZnO contents, and the orthopyroxene is of high alumina type with Al2O3 contents up to 9.3 wt%. The peak temperatures of metamorphism were >950°C, consistent with UHT conditions, and the rocks were exhumed along a clockwise P–T path. The zircons in this UHT rock display a zonal structure with a relict core and metamorphic rim. The cores yield bimodal ages of 499 ±8 Ma (7 spots), and 855 Ma (2 spots), with the rounded clastic zircons having ages with 490–500 Ma. Since the granulite was metamorphosed at temperatures >900°C, exceeding the closure temperature of U–Pb system in zircon, a possible interpretation is that the 499±8 Ma age obtained from the largest population of zircons in the rock marks the timing of formation of the protolith of the rock, with the zircons sourced from a ~500 Ma magmatic provenance, in a continental margin setting. We correlate the UHT metamorphism with the northward subduction of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and associated accretion-collision tectonics of the Siberian and Kazakhstan–Junggar Plates followed by rapid exhumation leading to decompression.

SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages of eclogite and orthogneiss from Sulu ultrahigh-pressure zone in Yangkou area, eastern China [查看] A.Katsube、Y.Hayasaka、M.Santosh、SanzhongLi、K.Terada

We report SHRIMP U–Pb age of zircons in four samples of eclogite and one sample of orthogneiss from Sulu ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) zone in Yangkou area, eastern China. UHP rocks are distributed along the Sulu orogenic belt suturing North China Block with South China Block. In Yangkou area, UHP unit is well exposed for about 200 m along Yangkou beach section and consists mainly of blocks or lenses of ultramafic rocks and eclogite together with para- and orthogneiss which are highly sheared partly. Zircon grains examined in this study from eclogite show oscillatory zoning and overgrowth texture in CL images, and most of the grains have high Th/U ratio ranging from 0.8 to 2.1 indicating an igneous origin. The weighted mean 206Pb/238U ages of zircons from the four samples range from 690 to 734 Ma. These ages can be correlated to the magmatic stage of the protoliths. In rare cases, zircon grains possess a narrow rim with very low Th/U ratio (b0.02). EPMA U–Th total Pb dating of such rim yields younger ages that range from 240 to 405 Ma marking the metamorphic stage.On the other hand, zircons from the orthogneiss show irregular shape and zoning with inclusion-rich core and inclusion-free rim. These grains of zircon yield U–Pb discordia intercept ages of 226±63 Ma and 714±110 Ma (MSWD 0.78). Bulk of the areas of the rims rim of the zircons demonstrate younger 206Pb/238U ages close to the upper intercept, with low Th/U ratio (b0.20) indicating their metamorphic origin. In contrast, the cores show older 206Pb/238U ages close to lower intercept and high Th/U ratio of (0.14–5.25) indicating their igneous origin. The upper intercept age is also commonly noted in zircons from eclogite. Our results suggest a bimodal igneous activity along this zone during the Neoproterozoic, probably related to the rifting of the Rodinia supercontinent.

Timing of Paleoproterozoic ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism in the North China Craton Evidence from SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology [查看] M.Santosh、S.A.Wilde、J.H.Li

We report SHRIMP U–Pb zircon ages from two samples of Mg–Al granulite and one of normal khondalite from the Khondalite belt of Inner Mongolia, North China Craton. These data constrain the timing of extreme crustal metamorphism at ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) conditions in the region. TheUHTindicator assemblages in these rocks include equilibrium sapphirine + quartz, high alumina orthopyroxene + sillimanite + quartz and high temperature perthites. The surrounding khondalites also carry spinel + quartz equilibrium assemblage. Based on the stability of sapphirine + quartz and orthopyroxene + sillimanite + quartz in the matrix assemblages, T > 1000 ◦C and P > 10 kbar for peak metamorphism was estimated in a previous study, with initial isobaric cooling and subsequent isothermal decompression along a broad anticlockwise trajectory. Metamorphic zircons from the UHT rocks are characterized by ovoid shapes with numerous high-order crystal faces and low luminescence in cathodoluminescence (CL) images. As metamorphic temperatures increase, based on the presence of UHT indicator minerals, relict oscillatory zones are progressively destroyed and the grains become uniformly dark in CL. The oldest detrital cores reveal 207Pb/206Pb ages up to 2090±22 Ma, but most have ages of ∼1970 Ma. Importantly, the highest grade sample with sapphirine-bearing UHT assemblage, contains only a single zircon population with a weighted mean 207Pb/206Pb age of 1919±10 Ma. This is the same age, within error, as the youngest populations in the other two samples and is interpreted to record the time of UHT metamorphism in the North China Craton. The zircons in the highest-grade sample have unusually high Th/U ratios (average 1.44) for metamorphic zircon, which may prove to be a feature of UHT rocks. The Khondalite belt defines a collisional orogen between the Yinshan block to the north and the Ordos block to the south, that together form theWestern Block of the North China Craton. The ∼1.92 Ga UHT metamorphic event in the North China Craton preceded the collision that amalgamated the North China Craton along the Trans-North China Orogen at ∼1.85 Ga, but both coincided with the assembly of the Paleoproterozoic supercontinent Columbia.

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